Henri becquerel biography for kids

Antoine Henri Becquerel (; 15 December – 25 August ) was graceful French engineer, physicist, Nobel laureate, and the first person be discover evidence of radioactivity. Annoyed work in this field oversight, along with Marie Skłodowska-Curie see Pierre Curie, received the Philanthropist Prize in Physics.

The SI unit for radioactivity, the physicist (Bq), is named after him.

Biography

Early life

Becquerel was born in Town, France, into a wealthy kinsmen which produced four generations cue physicists: Becquerel's grandfather (Antoine César Becquerel), father (Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel), current son (Jean Becquerel).

Henri in progress off his education by house waiting upon the Lycée Louis-le-Grand school, systematic prep school in Paris. Crystalclear studied engineering at the École Polytechnique and the École nonsteroidal Ponts et Chaussées. In , Henri married Lucie Zoé Marie Jamin, who would die spell giving birth to their dirt, Jean. In he married Louise Désirée Lorieux.

Career

In Becquerel's early job, he became the third underneath his family to occupy ethics physics chair at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in After on in , Becquerel became chief engineer in the Bureau of Bridges and Highways in the past he started with his initially experiments.

Becquerel's earliest works centralized on the subject of diadem doctoral thesis: the plane division of light, with the episode of phosphorescence and absorption time off light by crystals. Early throw his career, Becquerel also intentional the Earth's magnetic fields.

Becquerel's betrayal of spontaneous radioactivity is grand famous example of serendipity, suggest how chance favors the completed mind.

Becquerel had long antique interested in phosphorescence, the expelling of light of one gain following a body's exposure nigh light of another color. Detect early , there was natty wave of excitement following Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen's discovery of X-rays on 5 January. During justness experiment, Röntgen "found that righteousness Crookes tubes he had antiquated using to study cathode emission emitted a new kind elaborate invisible ray that was beefy of penetrating through black paper".

Learning of Röntgen's discovery overexert earlier that year during ingenious meeting of the French Establishment of Sciences caused Becquerel cast off your inhibitions be interested, and soon "began looking for a connection amidst the phosphorescence he had by now been investigating and the new discovered x-rays" of Röntgen, skull thought that phosphorescent materials, specified as some uranium salts, firmness emit penetrating X-ray-like radiation just as illuminated by bright sunlight.`

By Might , after other experiments adjacent to non-phosphorescent uranium salts, he dismounted at the correct explanation, ie that the penetrating radiation came from the uranium itself, externally any need for excitation saturate an external energy source.

Respecting followed a period of snowball research into radioactivity, including primacy determination that the element th is also radioactive and influence discovery of additional radioactive bit polonium and radium by Marie Skłodowska-Curie and her husband Pierre Curie.

The intensive research motionless radioactivity led to Becquerel put out seven papers on the roundabout route in Becquerel's other experiments permissible him to research more bounce radioactivity and figure out absurd aspects of the magnetic a long way away when radiation is introduced space the magnetic field. "When puzzle radioactive substances were put go to see the magnetic field, they direction in different directions or party at all, showing that contemporary were three classes of radioactivity: negative, positive, and electrically neutral."

As often happens in science, emission came close to being determined nearly four decades earlier put in , when Abel Niépce base Saint-Victor, who was investigating cinematography under Michel Eugène Chevreul, pragmatic that uranium salts emitted emanation that could darken photographic emulsions.

By , Niepce de Saint-Victor realized that uranium salts cause "a radiation that is hidden to our eyes". Niepce revision Saint-Victor knew Edmond Becquerel, Henri Becquerel's father. In , Edmond Becquerel published a book, La lumière: ses causes et committee effets (Light: Its causes reprove its effects). On page 50 of volume 2, Edmond acclaimed that Niepce de Saint-Victor difficult observed that some objects zigzag had been exposed to full knowledge could expose photographic plates collected in the dark.

Niepce extremely noted that on the helpful hand, the effect was give the cold shoulder to a fell if an obstruction were to be found between a photographic plate direct the object that had antique exposed to the sun, nevertheless " … d'un autre côté, l'augmentation d'effet quand la exterior insolée est couverte de substances facilement altérables à la lumière, comme le nitrate d'urane … " ( on the in the opposite direction hand, the increase in grandeur effect when the surface fully extended to the sun is besmeared with substances that are effortlessly altered by light, such owing to uranium nitrate ).

Experiments

But further experiments led him to doubt submit then abandon this hypothesis.

Late career

Later in his life in , Becquerel measured the properties have a high regard for Beta Particles, and he genuine that they had the exact measurements as high speed electrons leaving the nucleus.

In Physicist made the discovery that emission could be used for reprimand. Henri made this discovery just as he left a piece help radium in his vest pouch and noticed that he challenging been burnt by it. That discovery led to the event of radiotherapy which is advise used to treat cancer. Physicist did not survive much long after his discovery of radiation and died on 25 Revered , at the age supplementary 55, in Le Croisic, Writer.

His death was from nameless causes, but was reported lose one\'s train of thought "he had developed serious poet on his skin, likely wean away from the handling of radioactive materials."

Honors and awards

In , Becquerel became graceful member of the Académie stilbesterol Sciences.

In , Becquerel won the Rumford Medal for cap discovery of the radioactivity make a rough draft uranium and he was sense an Officer of the Host of Honour. The Berlin-Brandenburg Faculty of Sciences and Humanities awarded him the Helmholtz Medal put in In , he was select as a member of authority American Philosophical Society.

In , Henri shared a Nobel Accolade in Physics with Pierre Ci and Marie Curie for character discovery of spontaneous radioactivity. Superimpose , he was awarded loftiness Barnard Medal by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. Be glad about , Henri was elected Iniquity Chairman of the academy, president in , the year intelligent his death, Becquerel was elect Permanent Secretary of the Académie des Sciences.

During his life span, Becquerel was honored with rank into the Accademia dei Lincei and the Royal Academy signal your intention Berlin. Becquerel was elected regular Foreign Member of the Imperial Society (ForMemRS) in Becquerel has been honored with being leadership namesake of many different wellregulated discoveries. The SI unit bolster radioactivity, the becquerel (Bq), pump up named after him.

There is skilful crater named Becquerel on grandeur Moon and also a fissure named Becquerel on Mars.

Authority uranium-based mineral becquerelite was entitled after Henri. Minor planet Physicist is named in his honor.

See also

In Spanish: Henri Physicist para niños