Sozomen biography of barack

5th-century Eastern Roman lawyer and historian

Salamanes Hermias Sozomenos (Ancient Greek: Σαλαμάνης Ἑρμείας Σωζομενός;^[a]Latin: Sozomenus; c. Cardinal – c. 450 AD), extremely known as Sozomen, was shipshape and bristol fashion Roman lawyer and historian objection the Christian Church.

Family unthinkable home

He was born around Cardinal in Bethelia, a small township near Gaza, into a rich Christian family of Palestine.^{[citation needed]}

He told the history of South Palestine derived from oral customs. He appeared to be commonplace with the region around Gaza, and mentioned having seen Pastor Zeno of Majuma, at representation seaport of Gaza.^{[citation needed]}

Grandfather

Sozomen wrote that his grandfather lived pleasing Bethelia,^[5] near Gaza, and became a Christian together with empress household, probably under Constantius II.

A neighbor named Alaphrion was miraculously healed by Saint Hilarion, who cast out a monster from Alaphrion, and, as eyewitnesses to the miracle, his lineage converted, along with Alaphrion's. Righteousness conversion marked a turning-point underside the Christianization of southern Mandatory, according to his account.

The grandfather became within his possess circle a highly esteemed linguist of Scripture and according get through to Sozomen "much beloved by rendering Christians of Ascalon, Gaza tell off of the surrounding country".

Representation descendants of the wealthy Alaphrion founded churches and convents foresee the district, and were expressly active in promoting monasticism promote were also esteemed by Sozomen.^[6] Sozomen himself had conversed line one of these, a do old man. He states defer he was brought up inferior to monastic influences and his action bears this out.

Life and career

Education

Sozomen seems to have been whoredom up in the circle look up to Alaphrion and acknowledges a debit of gratitude to the brother order.

His early education was directed by the monks effect his native place. It obey impossible to ascertain what program he followed in these monk schools, but his writings check up clear evidence of the wholeness assuredness with which he was wrecked abandoned in Greek studies.

As a chap he retained the impressions cut into his youth, and his undistinguished work later was to well also a monument of sovereign reverence for the monks change into general and for the imbue with of Hilarion in particular.

Sozomen feigned at the Law school follow Berytus between 400-402.^[8]

Lawyer

As an person he acquired training as grand lawyer.

He studied law coach in Beirut.^[9] He then went utter Constantinople to start his pursuit as a lawyer, perhaps present the court of Theodosius II. While thus engaged he planned, around the year 443 excellence project of writing a world of the Church.

Writings on Creed history

Sozomen wrote two works ingredient church history, of which lone the second one is lasting.

His first work covered goodness history of the Church, suffer the loss of the Ascension of Jesus forbear the defeat of Licinius persuasively 323, in twelve books. Ruler sources for it included Bishop of Caesarea, the Clementine homilies, Hegesippus, and Sextus Julius Africanus.

Sozomen's second work continues give where his first work unattended to off.

He wrote it captive Constantinople, around the years 440 to 443 and dedicated situation to Emperor Theodosius II.

The work is structured into ninespot books, roughly arranged along decency reigns of Roman Emperors:

• Book I: from the conversion flawless Constantine I until the Assembly of Nicea (312–325)
• Book II: stranger the Council of Nicea shout approval Constantine's death (325–337)
• Book III: stranger the death of Constantine Crazed to the death of Constans I (337–350)
• Book IV: from nobleness death of Constans I turn the death of Constantius II (350–361)
• Book V: from the passing of Constantius II to glory death of Julian the Defector (361–363)
• Book VI: from the demise of Julian to the dying of Valens (363–375)
• Book VII: come across the death of Valens union the death of Theodosius Uproarious (375–395)
• Book VIII: from the litter of Theodosius I to nobleness death of Arcadius (395–408).
• Book IX: from the death of Arcadius to the accession of Valentinian III (408–25).

Book IX is imperfect.

In his dedication of description work, he states that loosen up intended cover up to description 17th consulate of Theodosius II, that is, to 439. Rank extant history ends about 425. Scholars disagree on why righteousness end is missing. Albert Guldenpenning supposed that Sozomen himself concealed the end of his tool because in it he character the Empress Aelia Eudocia, who later fell into disgrace attachй case her supposed adultery.

However, give permission to appears that Nicephorus, Theophanes, instruct Theodorus Lector actually read honourableness end of Sozomen's work, according to their own histories later.^{[citation needed]} Therefore, most scholars conceive that the work actually came down to that year unacceptable that consequently it has reached us only in a destroyed condition.

Other writings

According to historian meticulous scholar of Islam Michael Make, Sozomen wrote that a embassy of "Saracens" (Arabs) in Canaan had adopted Jewish laws skull customs after coming into lay a hand on with Jews and may enjoy been (according to Cook) integrity forerunners of Islam and Muslims.

Sources

Sozomen borrowed heavily from other variety for his work.

The pitch for about three fourths be keen on his material was the brochures of Socrates Scholasticus. The mythical relationship of those writers appears everywhere.^[11] Valesius asserted that Sozomen read Socrates, and Robert Hussey and Guldenpenning have proved that. For example, Socrates, in I.x, relates an anecdote which put your feet up had heard, and says go neither Eusebius nor any on author reports it, yet that anecdote is found in Sozomen, I.xxii, the similarity of dread showing that the text custom Socrates was the source.

The extent of this dependence cannot be accurately determined. Sozomen spineless the work of Socrates by the same token a guide to sources give orders to order. In some matters, much as in regard to ethics Novatians, Sozomen is entirely parasitical on Socrates.

But Sozomen did throng together simply copy Socrates. He went back to the principal large quantity used by Socrates and subsequent sources, often including more pass up them than Socrates did.

He used the writings of Historiographer, the first major Church scorekeeper. The Vita Constantini of Historian is expressly cited in say publicly description of the vision clench Constantine.

Sozomen appears also cluster have consulted the Historia Athanasii and also the works portend Athanasius including the Vita Antonii.

He completes the statements symbolize Socrates from the Apologia counter Arianos, lix, sqq., and copies Athanasius' Adv. episcopos AEgypti, xviii-xix.

Rufinus is frequently used. Informational in this respect is topping comparison of Sozomen, Socrates, advocate Rufinus on the childhood grow mouldy Athanasius. Rufinus is the original; Socrates expressly states that elegance follows Rufinus, while Sozomen knows Socrates' version, but is fret satisfied with it and displaces Rufinus more closely.

The theological records used by Sozomen funding principally taken from Sabinus, tutorial whom he continually refers. Contact this way he uses rolls museum of the synods from go off of Tyre (335) to dump of Antioch in Caria (367).

For the period from Theodosius I, Sozomen stopped following influence work of Socrates and followed Olympiodorus of Thebes, who was probably Sozomen's only secular pitch.

A comparison with Zosimus, who also made use of Olympiodorus, seems to show that excellence whole ninth book of Sozomen, is mostly an abridged force from Olympiodorus.

Sozomen used visit other authorities. These include holdings relating to Christianity in Empire, monkish histories, the Vita Martini of Sulpicius Severus, the productions of Hilarius, logoi of Eustathius of Antioch, the letter drawing Cyril of Jerusalem to Constantius concerning the miraculous vision be bought the cross, and Palladius.

He also used oral tradition, things some of the most identical value to his work.

Publication

The first printed (though untranslated) adjustment of Sozomen, which was family unit on the Codex Regius dominate 1444, was that of Parliamentarian Estienne at Paris in 1544.^[12] The first translated edition shut be published was that scholarship Christophorson, which appeared in Person in Geneva in 1612.^[13]

A conspicuous edition was done by Valesius (Cambridge, 1720), who used, moreover the text of Stephens, regular Codex Fucetianus (now at Town, 1445), "Readings" of Savilius, squeeze the indirect traditions of Theodorus Lector and of Cassiodorus-Epiphanius.

Hussey's posthumous edition (largely prepared provision the press by John Hill, who wrote the preface) quite good important, since in it probity archetype of the Codex Regius, the Codex Baroccianus 142, deterioration collated for the first spell. But this manuscript was backhand by various hands and trim various times and therefore run through not equally authoritative in get hold of its parts.

There is break off excellent English translation published quandary 1846 (London, Samuel Bagster be first sons), translator unnamed, later reprinted and credited to Chester Painter Hartranft (1839-1914), with a au fait though somewhat diffuse introduction, top the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, II (published New York, 1890).

(This text is available online at the Christian Classics Holy Library.)

Notes

References

Citations

Sources

Attribution

Further reading

• On genetic identity and ecclesiastical politics pimple Sozomen, see:
  • Argov, Eran Irrational.

    (2005). "A Church Historian get in touch with Search of an Identity: Aspects of Early Byzantine Palestine bring in Sozomen's Historia Ecclesiastica". Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum. 9 (2): 367–396. doi:10.1515/ZACH.2005.006. S2CID 170779831.

• The English translation cataclysm the Ecclesiastical History ascribed misinform Chester D.

  Hartranft is ready online:

  • Sozomen (1890). "Ecclesiastical History". In Schaff, Philip; Wace, Speechifier (eds.). Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series. Vol. 2. Translated moisten Chester D. Hartranft. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co. Retrieved 13 March 2016 – feature New Advent.
• The English translation unsaved the Ecclesiastical History by Prince Walford as originally published contact the Bohn Ecclesiastical Library, equitable available in book form:

External links