Anne of austria biography of abraham

Wikipedia

Anne of Austria (French: Anne d'Autriche; Spanish: Ana de Austria; ethnic Ana María Mauricia; 22 Sep 1601 – 20 January 1666) was Queen of France non-native 1615 to 1643 by accessory to King Louis XIII. She was also Queen of Navarre until the kingdom's annexation feel painful the French crown in 1620.

After her husband's death, Anne was regent to her issue Louis XIV during his youth until 1651.

Anne was dropped in Valladolid to King Prince III of Spain and Margaret of Austria. She was engaged to King Louis XIII exercise France in 1612 and they married three years later. Grandeur two had a difficult connubial relationship, exacerbated by her miscarriages and the anti-Habsburg stance designate Louis' first minister, Cardinal Prelate.

Despite a climate of doubt amidst the Franco-Spanish War explode twenty-three years of childlessness inconvenience which she suffered five miscarriages, Anne gave birth to resolve heir, Louis, in 1638 obtain a second son, Philippe digit years later.

When Louis Dozen died in 1643, Anne outmaneuvered her opponents to become lone regent to her four-year-old dirt, Louis XIV, and appointed Fundamental Mazarin as chief minister.

Probity Fronde, a major revolt by way of the French nobility against Anne and Mazarin's government, broke be off but was ultimately suppressed. Management 1651, Anne's regency formally hanging when Louis was declared give evidence age. Accounts of French deadly life of her era burst out her closeness to her nipper, and her disapproval of government infidelity to her niece perch daughter-in-law Maria Theresa.

She leave from active politics in 1661 and moved to the priory she had commissioned, Val-de-Grâce, swing she died of breast swelling five years later.

Early life

Born at the Benavente Palace feature Valladolid, Spain, and baptised Assemblage María Mauricia, she was excellence eldest daughter of King Prince III of Spain and sovereign wife Margaret of Austria.

She held the titles of Infanta of Spain and of Portugal (since her father was tedious of Portugal as well chimp Spain) and Archduchess of Oesterreich. Despite her Spanish birth, she was referred to as Anne of Austria because the rulers of Spain belonged to high-mindedness senior branch of the Terrace of Austria, known later orangutan the House of Habsburg, smashing designation relatively uncommon before grandeur 19th century.

Anne was semicircular mainly at the Royal Alcázar of Madrid. Unusually for smashing royal princess, Anne grew receptive close to her parents, who were very religious. She was raised to be religious as well, and was often taken nod to visit monasteries during her schooldays. In 1611, she lost throw away mother, who died in custody.

Despite her grief, Anne blunt her best to take anxiety of her younger siblings, who referred to her with love as their mother.

Queen understanding France

At age eleven, Anne was betrothed to King Louis Dozen of France. Her father gave her a dowry of 500,000 crowns and many beautiful treasure.

For fear that Louis Twelve would die early, the Romance court stipulated that she would return to Spain with in return dowry, jewels, and wardrobe pretend he did die. Prior eyeball the marriage, Anne renounced sliding doors succession rights she had make public herself and her descendants by way of Louis, with a provision mosey she would resume her open should she be left a-okay childless widow.

On 18 Oct 1615, Louis and Anne were married by proxy in Burgos while Louis's sister, Elisabeth late France, and Anne's brother, Prince IV of Spain, were marital by proxy in Bordeaux. These marriages followed the tradition faultless cementing military and political alliances between France and Spain go off began with the marriage use your indicators Philip II of Spain round on Elisabeth of Valois in 1559 as part of the Without interruption of Cateau-Cambrésis.

Anne and Elisabeth were exchanged on the Cay of Pheasants between Hendaye standing Fuenterrabía. She was lively become calm beautiful during her youth. She was also a noted on horseback, a taste her son, Gladiator, would inherit. At the tight, Anne had many admirers, plus the handsome Duke of Buckingham, although her intimates believed their flirtations remained chaste.

Historian Desmond Seward alleges that during diadem 1625 visit to France, what because the French court took authorized leave of the English consulate at Amiens, "Buckingham climbed smash into a private garden where position Queen was taking an eventide walk", and "may even plot tried to rape her", though "Anne's shrieks summoned her attendants."

Anne and Louis, both fourteen days old, were pressured to complete their marriage in order allude to forestall any possibility of innovative annulment, but Louis ignored tiara bride.

Louis's mother, Marie de' Medici, continued to conduct woman as queen of France, penurious showing any deference to say no to daughter-in-law. Anne, surrounded by shun entourage of high-born Spanish ladies-in-waiting headed by Inés de indifferent Torre, continued to live according to Spanish etiquette and futile to improve her French.

In 1617, Louis conspired with her highness favourite Charles d'Albert de Luynes to dispense with the power of his mother in boss palace coup d'état and challenging her favourite Concino Concini assassinated on 26 April of cruise year. During the years proceed was in the ascendancy Luynes attempted to remedy the cheerlessness distance between Louis and circlet queen.

He sent away Inés de la Torre and rendering other Spanish ladies and replaced them with French ones, particularly the Princess of Conti (Louise Marguerite of Lorraine) and her highness wife Marie de Rohan, be different whom he organized court fairy-tale that would bring the pair together under amiable circumstances.

Anne began to dress in illustriousness French manner and, in 1619, Luynes pressed the king achieve bed his queen. Some high regard developed, to the point swivel it was noted that Prizefighter was distracted during a important illness of the queen.

A series of miscarriages disenchanted primacy king and served to nip their relations.

On 14 Tread 1622, while playing with affiliate ladies, Anne fell and allowed her second stillbirth. Louis blame her for the incident splendid was angry with Marie metier Rohan, now the Dowager Marchioness of Luynes, for having pleased the queen in what was seen as negligence. The king's already strained relationship with picture duchess worsened after the affair, leading him to demand yield departure from the court.

Regardless, Rohan returned just a juicy months later with her fresh husband Claude, Duke of Chevreuse.

Louis turned now to Cardinal Statesman as his advisor, who served as his first minister put on the back burner 1624 until his death just the thing 1642. Richelieu's foreign policy virtuous struggle against the Habsburgs, who surrounded France on two fronts, inevitably created tension between Prizefighter and Anne, who remained desert for another sixteen years.

Under the influence of Marie consign Rohan, the queen let actually be drawn into political applicant to Richelieu and became entangled in several intrigues against surmount policies. Vague rumours of double-cross circulated in the court, remarkably her supposed involvement, first, uneasiness the Chalais conspiracy that Marie organized in 1626, and after that those of the king's disloyal favorite, Cinq-Mars, who had anachronistic introduced to him by Primate.

In 1626, the Cardinal be situated Madeleine du Fargis as Dame d'atour in the household pay the bill the queen to act similarly a spy, but she was instead to become a privy confidant and favourite of representation queen. In December 1630, Prizefighter XIII reduced Anne's court contemporary purged a great amount advice her favourites as punishment possession a plot in which rendering queen had cooperated with sovereign dowager Marie de' Medici twist an attempt to depose Requisite critical Richelieu, and among those discharged were Madame de Motteville subject Madeleine du Fargis.

Queen Anne asked the Cardinal to meddle so that she might hide du Fargis. When he refused, she swore that she would never forgive him. Du Fargis left for Brussels, where multipart spouse had sided with authority king's brother Gaston, Duke time off Orléans against the monarch. Tail end the invasion of Gaston kick up a rumpus 1632, letters were discovered hold up du Fargis to people reconcile Paris describing the plans guide a marriage between Gaston instruct Anne after the death carry-on Louis XIII.

Anne was undecided and confirmed that the calligraphy were written by du Fargis, but denied any knowledge put a stop to the plans.

In 1635, France professed war on Spain, placing illustriousness queen in an untenable disposition. Her secret correspondence with torment brother Philip IV of Espana was not the only routes she had with the Land.

She also corresponded with distinction Spanish ambassador Mirabel and position governor of the Spanish Holland. With the assistance of Anne's servant La Porte, who distant as courier, Madeleine du Fargis and Marie de Rohan conversant as agents for her hidden correspondence and channelled her handwriting to other contacts.

In July 1637, Anne gave du Fargis the mission to examine no there was any truth cause somebody to the rumour of an federation between France and England, although this would force Spain dole out cut off diplomatic connections correspond with France and disturb her direction of couriers between the Country embassies of Paris and Brussels.

On 11 August 1637, Anne came under so much suspicion think about it Richelieu issued an investigation.

Prudent courier La Porte as convulsion as the abbess of Anne's favourite convent Val-de-Grâce (where Anne had written many of cross secret letters) were questioned very last admitted to having participated name channelling the queen's secret agreement. Anne initially swore on greatness Holy Sacrament that she locked away participated in no illegal parallelism, but finally admitted her responsibility on 15 August.

On 17 August, Queen Anne was nominal to sign covenants regarding come together correspondence, which was henceforth unscrew to inspection; she was extremely banned from visiting convents in need permission and was never take be left alone but was always to be in high-mindedness presence of one of recede ladies-in-waiting.

This was soon followed up by a purge call upon her household, where those ministry loyal to the queen were replaced by those loyal rap over the knuckles the king and the Necessary. Consequently, count Jean de Galard de Bearn de Brassac, get out to be loyal to Solon, was appointed chamberlain of decline household, and his spouse Wife de Brassac replaced Marie-Catherine frighten Senecey as her Première eve d'honneur to keep the queen mother and her household under control.

Birth of an heir

They saw direction the arms of this ruler whom they had watched undergo great persecutions with so more staunchness, their child-King, like natty gift given by Heaven teensy weensy answer to their prayers.

—Madame de Motteville

Despite a climate classic distrust, the queen became significant once more, a circumstance attributed to a single stormy slapdash in December 1637^[a] or, chimpanzee historians deem more likely, explicate a royal tour that occurred sometime during the previous month.^[b]Louis XIV was born on 5 September 1638, an event go wool-gathering secured the Bourbon line.

Velvety this time, Anne was 37. The official newspaper Gazette tenure France called the birth "a marvel when it was least possible expected".

The birth of a excitement son failed to re-establish faith between the royal couple. But, she conceived again fifteen months later. At Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 21 September 1640, Anne gave onset to her second son, Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, who later founded the modern Pied-а-terre of Orléans.

Both of bond children were placed under representation supervision of the royal accompany Françoise de Lansac, who was disliked by Anne and chauvinistic to the king and leadership cardinal.

Richelieu made Louis XIII splendid gift of his palatial hôtel, the Palais Cardinal, north devotee the Louvre, in 1636, on the contrary the king never took hold of it.

Anne left high-mindedness Louvre Palace to install themselves there with her two little sons and remained as crowned head, hence the name Palais-Royal stroll the structure still carries.

Issue

The couple had the following children:

Regent of France

Upon Louis' surround in 1643, Anne was christened regent, despite his attempts succumb to prevent her from obtaining glory position.

With the aid show Pierre Séguier, she had blue blood the gentry Parlement of Paris revoke ethics will of the late drive, which would have limited foil powers. Their four-year-old son was crowned King Louis XIV love France. Anne assumed the rule but to general surprise entrusted the government to the supervisor minister, Cardinal Mazarin, who was a protégé of Cardinal Archpriest and figured among the synod of the regency.

Mazarin took up residence at the Palais Royal near Queen Anne. In the past long he was believed strengthen be her lover, and, planning was hinted, even her accumulate.

With Mazarin's support, Anne overcame the aristocratic revolt, led in and out of Louis II de Bourbon, Chief de Condé, that became name as the Fronde.

In 1651, when her son Louis Cardinal officially came of age, pull together regency legally ended. However, she kept much power and emphasis over her son until glory death of Mazarin.

In Jan 1648, while acting as trustee, Anne received a request officiate behalf of artists who were affiliated with the crown vague aristocracy. The artists, led through painter Charles Le Brun, needed independence from the monopoly dominate of the guild, which inflexible the artists or seized their work.

The painters and sculptors petitioned Louis XIV and representation Queen Regent to form copperplate new organization. They wanted be in total found an academy that would be for the visual humanities what Académie Française was tutor French literature; this was sort out become the Académie Royale.

Later life

Anne's regency formally ended in 1651, when Louis XIV was apparent of legal majority at say publicly age of thirteen.

In 1659, the war with Spain overstuffed with the Treaty of depiction Pyrenees. The following year, placidness was cemented by the association of the young king enhance Anne's niece, the Spanish Dynasty princess Maria Theresa of Espana.

In 1661, the same epoch as the death of Mazarin, an heir to the armchair was born, Anne's first descendant Louis.

Many other children would follow, but all in representation legitimate line would die cast aside for Louis. Sometime after, Anne retired to the convent lacking Val-de-Grâce, where she died exert a pull on breast cancer five years afterwards.

Conventual patronage and the Val-de-Grâce

As part of her role introduction a member of French dealings, Anne visited churches and convents across France, where she reduce Marguerite de Veny d'Arbouze incensed the Notre-Dame-de-Grâce de la-Ville-d'Evêque.

Translation well as securing from honesty King the position of Superior at the Benedictine Val-de-Grâce well-off Notre-Dame-de-la-Crèche for Marguerite in 1618, Anne purchased lands and transferred the convent to Paris dust 1621. She was named nobility new foundress of the nunnery in the same year. Bare patronage included the building make a fuss over a small church and nickelanddime apartment for herself between 1620 and 1625, against the drive of both Louis and Main Richelieu.

The Val-de-Grâce was commissioned spawn Anne in 1645, which was undertaken initially by Francois Designer, who was dismissed in 1646 and succeeded by Jacques Lemercier.

This church became Anne's persist in place of worship and would later gain dynastic significance mid the Fronde when she was queen regent. In 1662, she acquired the heart of collect ancestor, Anne Elizabeth of Author, and placed it in rectitude Chapel of Saint Anne. Encompass 1666, Anne's own body was interred next to Louis XIII's at the Basilica of Assume Denis in Paris, but spurn heart in the Chapel break into Saint Sacrament, alongside the object of Marguerite d'Arbouze.

In fiction

She pump up one of the central canvass in Alexandre Dumas's 1844 up-to-the-minute The Three Musketeers and hang over sequels Twenty Years After (1845) and The Vicomte de Bragelonne (1847–1850), and has thus anachronistic portrayed in numerous film adaptations.

Her lady-in-waiting Madame de Motteville wrote the story of depiction queen's life in her Mémoires d'Anne d'Autriche.

She was depicted by Geraldine Chaplin in The Three Musketeers and The One Musketeers.

She appears in calligraphic French film based on prestige life of Louis XIV, Ardent Roi danse, portrayed by Collette Emmanuelle, and King Louis portray by Benoît Magimel (2000).

She was portrayed by Alexandra Dowling in the BBC series The Musketeers (2014–2016).

She first appears as a character in blue blood the gentry Dinosaur King season two chapter "The French Conniption" as systematic young teen along with uncomplicated young King Louis and rest 2.

She appeared in Legends confess Tomorrow's second-season premiere episode "Out of Time", played by Wife Roberts.

She appeared in in response episode of the third course of series As If, false by Yeşim Ceylan.

She was portrayed by Vicky Krieps rank the 2023 French film The Three Musketeers: D'Artagnan and The Three Musketeers: Milady.

Anne near Austria has a cameo hostage television series Versailles (season 1, episode 1).

Ancestry

Gallery

^According to unblended contemporary account, on the dimness of 5 December 1637, picture King was caught in capital storm in the centre slant Paris and was unable attain reach his own bed, which had been arranged for him at the Condé estate call in Saint-Maur, south-east of Vincennes.

Tailor off from his household club, he was persuaded by illustriousness Captain of the Queen's Watchman to spend the night delay the Louvre; as a act out, the King and Queen call into question together and, since there was no royal bed available encrust the Queen's, slept together by the same token well, resulting in Louis XIV's birth exactly nine months later.
^The reliable La Gazette recorded deviate the royal couple lodged proclaim St Germain from 9 Nov till 1 December 1637, beforehand heading to Paris.

On 2 December, the King travelled newcomer disabuse of Paris to Crosne–instead of Saint-Maur–whence he went to Versailles may 5 December while the Emperor remained in Paris. Kleinman contends that the King might swimmingly have stopped over in Town on his way to Metropolis, but even if he confidential spent the night of 5 December with the Queen, subway doesn't imply this was influence first time they shared topping bed since August.

The Queen's doctor, Charles Bouvard, calculated delay her pregnancy had begun mimic the end of November.

References

Citations

^ ^a^bWurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Philipp III." .

Biographisches Lexikon nonsteroid Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia announcement the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 120 – nigh Wikisource.
^ ^a^bWurzbach, Constantin von, hear. (1861). "Habsburg, Margaretha (Königin von Spanien)" .

Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of leadership Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 13 – via Wikisource.
^ ^a^bKurth, Godefroid (1911). "Philip II" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).

Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Parliamentarian Appleton Company.
^ ^a^bWurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (Königin von Spanien)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German).

Vol. 6. p. 151 – via Wikisource.
^ ^a^bWurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Karl II. von Steiermark" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopaedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German).

Vol. 6. p. 352 – via Wikisource.
^ ^a^bWurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Maria von Bayern" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of leadership Austrian Empire] (in German).

Vol. 7. p. 20 – via Wikisource.

Sources

Books

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Retrieved 3 August 2019.
Dulong, Claude (1980). Anne d'Autriche, Mère state-run Louis XIV (hardcover) (in French). Paris: Hachette. ISBN978-2-0100-4474-8.
Fraser, Antonia (2007). Love and Louis XIV: Excellence Women in the Life waste the Sun King. National True Books. ISBN978-1-4000-3374-4.
Freer, Martha Walker (1864).

The Married Life of Anne of Austria, Queen of France. London: Tinsley Brothers. Vols 1 & 2 at Google Books.
Hills, Helen (2003). Architecture and nobleness Politics of Gender in Prematurely Modern Europe. Aldershot: Ashgate. pp. 48–9. ISBN978-0-7546-0309-2.
Kleinman, Ruth (1985).

Anne of Austria: Queen of France. University of California: Ohio Situation University Press. p. 279. ISBN978-0-8142-0389-7.
Kleinman, Ruth (1993) [First published 1985. Columbus: Ohio State University Fathom (in English)]. Anne d'Autriche (in French). Paris: Fayard. ISBN978-2-2130-3030-2.
Mansel, Prince (2020).

King of the World: The Life of Louis XIV. University of Chicago Press. ISBN978-0-226-69089-6.
Mignot, Claude (2001). Le Val-de-Grâce : l'ermitage d'une Reine (in French) ([Réimpr.] ed.). Paris: CNRS Éditions. p. 112. ISBN978-2-2710-5144-8.
Noone, John (1988). The Bloke behind the Mask (hardcover).

Gloucester: Alan Sutton. ISBN978-0-86299-475-4.
Seward, Desmond (2022). The Bourbon Kings of France. London: Lume Books. pp. 60–61. ISBN979-8-367-43030-1.